The Historical Origins of Hans Trapp
In the heart of Alsace, the holiday season is marked by unique mythical characters: Saint Nicolas, the protector of children, Christkindel, bearer of gifts, and Hans Trapp, the embodiment of the famous father Fouettard. But behind the legend of Hans Trapp lies a very real historical figure: Hans von Trotha.
The story of this knight dates back to the 15th century when he took possession of the castle of Berwartstein, located not far from Wissembourg. Gifted by the Elector Palatine, this castle quickly became the scene of tensions with the local abbot, the former owner of the place. Refusing to recognize the legitimacy of this transfer, the monks of Wissembourg energetically contest this decision.
A Destructive Vengeance
Faced with these disputes, Hans von Trotha responds with resounding actions. He orders the construction of a dam on the Lauter river, thereby depriving Wissembourg of its water. This maneuver leads to a massive flooding of lands belonging to the abbey. Under pressure from the monks, von Trotha eventually concedes… but by violently destroying the dam. The result: the town suffers considerable damage, leaving a mark for decades.
These confrontations attract attention all the way to Rome. After years of complaints, Pope Alexander VI summons the knight, who, in a bold letter, accuses the Church of corruption. This response leads to his excommunication, a sentence that hardly seems to affect him. Hans von Trotha passes away in 1503, but his legend is just beginning.
The Birth of a Myth
Like Vlad the Impaler, who became the Dracula of popular mythology, Hans von Trotha transforms into Hans Trapp, a terrifying figure meant to frighten children. Legend has it that he sold his soul to the devil and engaged in barbaric acts, such as murder and cannibalism.
The name “Trapp” is thought to come from the German verb “trappen”, evoking heavy and unsettling footsteps in the surrounding forest. Gradually, this sinister figure becomes the Alsatian equivalent of father Fouettard, punishing disobedient children.
A Chilling Encounter in Wissembourg
Every year, on the fourth Sunday of Advent, the small town of Wissembourg relives this legend during a night procession. The monks, accompanied by fire jugglers and musicians, parade through the dark streets before Hans Trapp appears.
Dressed in a frightening costume, he questions children about their behavior over the past year. The highlight of the evening is the arrival of a sinister cart, where “captured” children are imprisoned. Fortunately, Christkindel intervenes to free these little captives, bringing hope and joy. A spectacular fireworks display concludes this performance, chasing away nightmares.
A Living Tradition
The story of Hans Trapp illustrates both the importance of local legends and their ability to transcend centuries. Today, this figure continues to fuel the collective imagination, reminding us that Alsace is not only enchanting with its Christmas markets and picturesque landscapes. It also harbors dark tales, revealing its rich cultural heritage.
Whether you are a fan of traditions or passionate about history, a visit to Alsace during the Christmas season promises to immerse you in a unique atmosphere where the past and the fantastic blend harmoniously.
