Every year, on December 6th, the tradition of Saint Nicolas lights up Alsace, bringing a unique touch to the end-of-year festivities. Unlike Santa Claus, this ancient character does not cross the sky in a sleigh but arrives with his faithful donkey, laden with gifts for well-behaved children.
A story that dates back to the Middle Ages
In Alsace, the celebration of Saint Nicolas has deep roots. Already in the Middle Ages, locals celebrated this saint protector of children. Indeed, it is from this character that the Christmas market in Strasbourg was born. On December 5th, parents would buy presents to discreetly slip into their children’s shoes, perpetuating a tradition that continues to this day.
Saint Nicolas and Santa Claus: two figures, one spirit
Saint Nicolas, recognizable by his long robe and bishop’s mitre, contrasts with the jolly red man in fur-topped boots. While Santa Claus is universally known, Saint Nicolas remains an essential figure in certain regions of Europe, particularly in Alsace. He is distinguished not only by his appearance but also by his legends.
The companionship of Hans Trapp, the Alsace’s Father Whipper
During parades, Saint Nicolas is never alone. He is accompanied by Hans Trapp, the Alsatian version of Father Whipper. This dark character, dressed in animal skins, embodies the punitive side of the celebration. Hans Trapp is born from the real story of Hans von Trotha, a medieval lord who spread terror around Wissembourg. His chains and whip remind children that they must remain well-behaved, or risk being taken away.
The influence of Saint Nicolas beyond Alsace
While Saint Nicolas is deeply rooted in Alsatian culture, his legend transcends borders. In Lorraine, he is also venerated, particularly at the basilica of Saint-Nicolas-de-Port, which houses a precious relic of the saint. But his influence extends even further, reaching Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Germany.
Unmissable treats: gingerbread and manneles
No celebration of Saint Nicolas is complete without his gingerbread and manneles, these brioche-shaped little men that delight young and old alike. These dishes, once simple oranges and honey cakes, today symbolize the sweetness and generosity of this festive period.
A protector with many legends
Saint Nicolas is known for his numerous miracles. Among the most famous is the story of the three children saved from the butcher, which remains etched in memory. Another tale recounts how he saved three young girls from poverty by providing them with bags of gold, enabling them to marry.
Between heaven and earth: the duality of the celebration
Saint Nicolas and Hans Trapp form an emblematic duo that illustrates the eternal duality between good and evil. While Saint Nicolas symbolizes light and goodness, Hans Trapp reminds us of humanity’s flaws. In Alsace, this duality is also embodied by the Christkindel, an angelic figure sometimes associated with Saint Nicolas.
The celebration of Saint Nicolas continues to thrive through the centuries, reminding everyone of the importance of sharing and kindness. An unmissable event that, every December 6th, immerses us in the heart of Alsatian traditions.
